court11th Cir. vacated PI 15 Oct 2026; remanded to N.D. Ga.
U.S. — Georgia SB 351 social-media age verification (NetChoice v. Carr)
United States (11th Cir. / N.D. Ga.)
Published opinion No. 25-12436: NetChoice has associational standing but failed Moody facial First Amendment burden plus vagueness and § 230 at the PI stage. SB 351 age verification / under-16 parental consent / minor-ad limits enforceable pending further district-court proceedings.
Last updated 2026-10-16
Status history
2025-06-26
N.D. Ga. preliminary injunction against SB 351
2026-10-15
11th Cir. vacates PI and remands (No. 25-12436)
Primary tracker / statute →
courtComplaint filed 15 Oct 2026 (2:26-cv-12025); PI briefing pending
U.S. — DOJ suit over California vote-by-mail ballots to likely noncitizens
United States (C.D. Cal.)
United States v. California seeks to enjoin tabulation of federal vote-by-mail ballots from a federal list of more than 20,000 likely noncitizens until citizenship is verified. Cites 18 U.S.C. § 611 and California’s mail-to-all-registered-voters practice.
Last updated 2026-10-16
Status history
2026-10-13
Federal list of >20,000 names provided to California (per complaint)
2026-10-15
Complaint filed in C.D. Cal.
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationProposed rule published 16 Oct FR; hearing 4 Nov; comments due 4 Dec
U.S. — EPA proposal to reallocate extra 2025 small refinery exemptions onto 2026–27 RFS
United States (EPA)
FR Doc. 2026-21155 (published 16 Oct) co-proposes reallocating 770 million additional 2025 exempted RINs either equally to 2026 and 2027 or all to 2027. EPA estimates under 1¢/gal added pump cost. Triggers automatic extension of the 2026 compliance reporting deadline (now 31 Mar 2027).
Last updated 2026-10-16
Status history
2026-08-31
EPA decides 34 petitions for 2025 small refinery exemptions
2026-10-13
Proposed rule signed
2026-10-16
Published in Federal Register
2026-11-04
Virtual public hearing
2026-12-04
Comment deadline
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationCommission proposal COM(2026) 569 adopted 14 Oct; awaits Parliament and Council
EU — proposal to delay Methane Regulation import obligations by one year
European Union (Commission / Parliament / Council)
Would move the importer equivalence demonstration (now from 1 Jan 2027) to a first report by 31 May 2029, methane-intensity reporting from 5 Aug 2028 to 5 Aug 2029, and maximum-intensity compliance from 5 Aug 2030 to 5 Aug 2031. Commission cites the Hormuz supply shock.
Last updated 2026-10-15
Status history
2026-10-14
Commission adopts COM(2026) 569
2027-01-01
Current date for importer equivalence obligation (unless amended)
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyIR-2026-122: dyed-fuel penalties waived 1 Oct–31 Dec; 7508A deferral guidance still pending
U.S. — Emergency Tax Relief on Diesel Fuel (executive order)
United States (Treasury / IRS)
EO 14435 (91 FR 64747) directed Treasury to decide whether 26 U.S.C. 7508A relief is authorised and to have the IRS waive 6715 dyed-fuel penalties for highway use. Update 14 Oct: IR-2026-122 announces no federal dyed-diesel highway penalty from 1 Oct through 31 Dec 2026 (inspections suspended; federal-only). The same release says further 7508A postponement guidance for 4041(a)(1)(A)/(b)(1)(B) is anticipated and that Treasury will explore eliminating deferred amounts — that guidance is not yet issued. Illinois EO 2026-08 (6 Oct) is separate state relief. OFAC GL 135 (9 Oct) still authorizes Russian-origin diesel imports to 7 Apr 2027.
Last updated 2026-10-15
Status history
2026-10-05
Executive order signed
2026-10-06
Illinois EO 2026-08 (state dyed-diesel relief)
2026-10-09
Published as EO 14435 (91 FR 64747); OFAC GL 135 on Russian diesel issued
2026-10-10
Approx. 5-day deadline for Treasury determination and IRS announcement
2026-10-11
Seven senators say Russian diesel imports conflict with the 2022 import ban (GL 135)
2026-10-14
IRS IR-2026-122: dyed-diesel highway penalties waived 1 Oct–31 Dec 2026; 7508A guidance still forthcoming
2026-12-31
End of dyed-diesel penalty relief (and of the order’s stated window)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationFinal rule published 14 Oct (91 FR 65306); effective on publication
U.S. — DHS/USCIS final rule ending automatic EAD extensions on renewal
United States (DHS / USCIS)
FR Doc. 2026-20955 adopts without change the 30 Oct 2025 IFR (90 FR 48799): renewals in covered categories filed on/after 30 Oct 2025 do not get automatic extension of employment authorization/EAD; up-to-540-day bridge limited to renewals filed before that date. C08 and C09 dominate volume. 653 comments on the IFR.
Last updated 2026-10-14
Status history
2025-10-30
Interim final rule published and effective (90 FR 48799)
2026-10-14
Final rule published at 91 FR 65306; effective
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationInterim final rule published 14 Oct (91 FR 65112); comments due 30 Nov
U.S. — EPA extends GHGRP reporting-year 2025 deadline to 10 March 2027
United States (EPA)
FR Doc. 2026-20982 changes only the reporting-year 2025 Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program deadline, from 30 Oct 2026 to 10 Mar 2027, while EPA finishes a separate GHGRP reconsideration proposal. No other part 98 changes.
Last updated 2026-10-14
Status history
2026-10-14
Interim final rule published (91 FR 65112); effective
2026-11-30
Comment deadline on the deadline extension
2027-03-10
New RY 2025 reporting deadline
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyPublished 14 Oct (91 FR 65162); effective for entries from 12:01 a.m. ET
U.S. — BIS guidance on “U.S. content” for USMCA goods under Proclamation 11032
United States (Commerce / BIS; CBP) — Canada and Mexico
For USMCA-qualifying Canadian and Mexican Annex I-C steel and aluminum articles, the 25% duty applies only to non-U.S. content, with a 15% floor (8 Jun 2026–31 Dec 2027). BIS defines U.S. content as U.S. parts (wholly obtained, entirely produced or substantially transformed) plus U.S.-melted steel and U.S.-smelted aluminum and copper.
Last updated 2026-10-14
Status history
2026-06-08
Proclamation 11032 rates take effect
2026-10-09
BIS guidance filed for public inspection
2026-10-14
Guidance publishes; applies to entries from 12:01 a.m. ET
2028-01-01
Clause (2) rates end; Proclamation 11021 rates resume
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationFinal rule published 14 Oct (91 FR 65390); effective on publication
U.S. — DHS/EOIR final rule on civil fines for failure to depart and unlawful entry
United States (DHS / ICE / CBP; DOJ / EOIR)
FR Doc. 2026-21024 finalizes the 27 June 2025 interim rule (90 FR 27439): DHS officers issue penalty decisions directly (regular mail allowed), 15 business days to appeal, supervisory review on the written record, no BIA appeal. One change: late appeals accepted for documented mail delays. Fines up to $998/day (INA 274D), $1,992–$9,970 (INA 240B(d)), $100–$500 per entry (INA 275(b)). DHS reports over 176,000 penalties issued under the interim rule through 14 Sep 2026.
Last updated 2026-10-14
Status history
2025-06-27
Interim final rule published and effective (90 FR 27439)
2026-10-09
Final rule filed for public inspection (FR Doc. 2026-21024)
2026-10-14
Published at 91 FR 65390; effective
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationPre-published 10 Oct (Canada Gazette I); comments for 30 days (to about 9 Nov)
Canada — proposed order letting 27 police services use cellphone jammers
Canada (ISED / Radiocommunication Act s. 14(1))
Proposed Radiocommunication Act Exemption Order (Jammers — Certain Law Enforcement Agencies): exempts employees of 27 listed police services, their procurement staff and suppliers from the jammer ban for national security, public safety, investigations and protection purposes. Conditions: notice of contacts to the Minister, minimization, training, secure storage, five-year use logs. No warrant requirement, public reporting or expiry in the text. In force on registration.
Last updated 2026-10-13
Status history
2026-09-18
Notice dated (Minister of Industry)
2026-10-10
Pre-published in Canada Gazette, Part I; 30-day comment period opens
2026-11-09
Approximate end of 30-day comment period
Primary tracker / statute →
billIn committee; ministers 19–20 Oct; amendments due noon 22 Oct (per chair, as reported)
Canada — Bill C-31 Division 13: end of mandatory 15-year pesticide re-evaluation
Canada (House of Commons, Standing Committee on Finance)
Clauses 282–285 of the Budget 2025 Implementation Act, No. 2 replace mandatory re-evaluation under Pest Control Products Act s. 16(2) with a 15-year assessment on available information; full re-evaluation only on reasonable grounds that risks have ‘increased significantly’ (undefined). Ongoing re-evaluations can be terminated after such an assessment.
Last updated 2026-10-13
Status history
2026-05-06
C-31 first reading
2026-06-03
Second reading; referred to Finance committee
2026-10-08
FINA hears Ecojustice and Victimes des pesticides du Québec
2026-10-22
Amendments due (noon), per committee chair as reported
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationProposed rule published 13 Oct (91 FR 64840); comments due 14 Dec
U.S. — CBP proposal to require advance passenger and crew data for every cross-border train
United States (DHS / CBP) — trains to and from Canada and Mexico
FR Doc. 2026-20884 (USCBP-2026-0992) would require rail carriers to send a train notice 24 hours ahead and each traveller’s identity, document, itinerary, U.S. address, seat and contact data 60 minutes before departure, in both directions, and to verify travel documents. CBP could recommend that a carrier not board a flagged traveller. Voluntary since 2005; one carrier participates. CBP is drafting a matching bus rule.
Last updated 2026-10-13
Status history
2026-10-09
Proposed rule filed for public inspection
2026-10-13
Published at 91 FR 64840; comment period opens
2026-12-14
Comment deadline (per published notice)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationFinal rule published 13 Oct (91 FR 64760); effective 12 Nov
U.S. — Forest Service final rule shortening project comment and objection periods (36 CFR 218)
United States (USDA / Forest Service) — national forests and grasslands
FR Doc. 2026-20890: comment periods 15 days (EA) / 30 days (EIS), from 30/45; objections within 10/20 days, from 45 (30 for HFRA projects); the deciding official reviews objections instead of a higher-level reviewing officer; 5-page responses; web-only legal notice. Proposed 6 Feb 2026 (91 FR 5387); ~2,270 comments.
Last updated 2026-10-13
Status history
2026-02-06
Proposed rule (91 FR 5387), 30-day comment period
2026-10-09
Final rule filed for public inspection
2026-10-13
Published at 91 FR 64760
2026-11-12
Effective date
Primary tracker / statute →
court4–1 opinion 9 Oct: designated-projects scheme ultra vires except federal undertakings
Alberta — second Impact Assessment Act reference (2026 ABCA 320)
Canada (Alberta Court of Appeal → possible SCC appeal)
Reference by Alberta OIC 316/2024 on the IAA as amended by the Budget Implementation Act, 2024, No 1. Majority (Crighton, Strekaf, Ho, Fagnan JJA): designated-projects part and Physical Activities Regulations unconstitutional except insofar as they apply to federal undertakings; severing s 7 would not cure it. Feehan JA dissented. Advisory opinion; the Act remains in force. Ecojustice has urged Ottawa to appeal; Premier Smith urged Ottawa not to. Environment Minister Dabrusin’s office says the government is reviewing the decision and considering next steps (CP, 9 Oct). No appeal announced as of 11 Oct.
Last updated 2026-10-11
Status history
2023-10-13
2023 SCC 23: original designated-projects scheme unconstitutional
2024-06-20
IAA amended (S.C. 2024, c. 17)
2024-11-20
Alberta OIC 316/2024 refers amended Act
2026-02-24
Hearing (24–26 Feb)
2026-10-09
2026 ABCA 320 released (4–1)
Primary tracker / statute →
courtFully briefed (reply filed 9 Oct); no order yet
SCOTUS — Trump v. Kingdom BOP gender-dysphoria policy stay (26A416)
United States (SCOTUS / BOP)
Solicitor General emergency application asks SCOTUS to stay D.D.C. classwide block on BOP’s February 2026 gender-dysphoria policy (mental-health care continues; surgeries / general new hormones / social accommodations end). D.C. Cir. denied stay 18 Sep (divided). Chief Justice requested response by 4 p.m. EDT 8 Oct 2026 (confirmed on public docket 1 Oct morning). Still not a grant/deny. Distinct from Oregon S.D. v. Reese and from DHS v. D.V.D. 26A406. Update 9 Oct: opposition filed 8 Oct (APA arbitrary/pretext; PLRA argument forfeited; ~1,000 people affected per respondents); 24-state + Arizona Legislature amicus for applicants; SG reply 9 Oct. No order yet.
Last updated 2026-10-09
Status history
2026-02
BOP issues 2026 gender-dysphoria policy
2026-06-17
D.D.C. PI / §705 stay on 2026 policy
2026-08-26
D.D.C. renews 90-day PLRA relief
2026-09-18
D.C. Cir. denies stay (divided)
2026-09-28
SG emergency application No. 26A416
2026-09-28
Response requested — due 8 Oct 4 p.m. EDT
2026-10-08
Respondents’ opposition filed; amicus briefs (Indiana, Idaho + 22 states, Arizona Legislature; America’s Future)
2026-10-09
SG reply filed — fully briefed
Primary tracker / statute →
bill2nd reading carried 296–26 (8 Oct); at legislative committee
Bill C-39 — Building Canada Strong Act
Canada (federal)
Omnibus companion to C-5-era major-projects tools: Impact Assessment / CER clocks, regions of national interest, ports/trade corridors, and Canada Labour Code mediation / CIRB direction tools. Second-reading debate on 23–25 Sep (Journals 142–144); Sitting 144 motion seeks referral to a legislative committee, and Ryan Turnbull moved the previous question. Debate on the previous question continued on 5 Oct (Journals 145) and again on the evening of 6 Oct after the opposition day and Private Members’ Business (Journals 146), with no vote. At midnight on 7 Oct the previous question was agreed to on division; the second-reading recorded division is deferred to 8 Oct after QP (Journals 147). PROC 34th report named the 11-member Legislative Committee on C-39. Not yet law. West Coast Oil Pipeline was listed in Schedule 1 on 1 Oct (PC 2026-0925) under C-5 tools; LNG Canada Phase 2 FID is a separate gas file. Update 9 Oct: second reading and referral agreed to 296–26 on 8 Oct (Division 178, 10 paired; Bloc, NDP and May nay); James Maloney appointed committee chair (Journals No. 148). Not law.
Last updated 2026-10-09
Status history
2026-09-21
First reading (House)
2026-09-23
Second-reading debate (Sitting 142)
2026-09-24
Second-reading debate resumed (Sitting 143)
2026-09-25
Second-reading debate continued (Sitting 144); legislative-committee motion
2026-10-05
Debate continued on the previous question; no vote (Journals 145)
2026-10-06
First allotted (opposition) day; evening debate resumed, no vote
2026-10-07
Previous question agreed to at midnight; legislative committee named
2026-10-08
Second reading agreed to 296–26 (Division 178); referred to Legislative Committee on C-39 (chair: Maloney)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationPBO: $4.9B, $276/family; C-38 late sitting 19 Oct
Canada federal fuel excise pause
Canada (federal)
Excise relief extended; trucking and farm desks still flag retail diesel levels as the binding constraint — ~4¢/L pause vs record pump prices. Legislated as Bill C-38 (Canadian Fuel Affordability Act): suspension to 31 Jan 2027, 50% rates 1 Feb–31 Mar 2027. Second reading 22 Sep; Finance committee reported it without amendment 6 Oct; report stage and third reading next, then the Senate. PBO cost estimate (8 Oct): $4.943B in 2026-27 incl. GST; $276 average per family ($132 lowest quintile to $468 highest), assuming full pass-through. House to sit until midnight 19 Oct and take up C-38 at 6:30 p.m. (Journals No. 148).
Last updated 2026-10-09
billC-218 defeated 7 Oct; government bill promised “this fall”
Canada — MAID mental-illness exclusion (17 Mar 2027 lapse) and promised government bill
Canada (federal)
Under C-62 (S.C. 2024, c. 1), the exclusion of MAID where mental illness is the sole condition lapses on 17 March 2027. On 7 Oct Ministers Fraser and Michel promised a fall bill keeping the exclusion ‘on an indeterminate basis’ and allowing advance requests, with provinces deciding whether to permit them. The same day the House negatived Conservative Bill C-218 (Jansen) at second reading, 141–187 (Division 177). No government bill tabled yet.
Last updated 2026-10-08
Status history
2024-02-29
C-62 Royal Assent — exclusion to 17 Mar 2027
2025-06-20
C-218 first reading
2026-10-07
Ministers announce fall bill; C-218 defeated 141–187
2027-03-17
Current statutory lapse of the exclusion
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationNPRM published 8 Oct; comments close 9 Nov
U.S. — DHS proposed $70,000 / $30,000 OPT fees (F-1 students)
United States (DHS / ICE)
Proposed rule 2026-20660 (91 FR 64566) would charge SEVP-certified schools $70,000 per F-1 student recommended for initial OPT and $30,000 for any later OPT (including the STEM extension). Fees are refundable if no EAD issues and go to Treasury general receipts. DHS acknowledges schools may pass the cost on. A final rule would take effect 60 days after publication and apply prospectively.
Last updated 2026-10-08
Status history
2026-10-08
NPRM published (Docket ICEB-2026-0100)
2026-11-09
Comment deadline
2026-12-07
Information-collection (PRA) comment deadline
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyPBO primer 6 Oct; not yet in budget projections
Canada — cost of NATO 3.5% core defence target (PBO)
Canada (federal)
PBO primer NT-2627-013-S: on a gradual path, core defence spending rises from $95.7B (2030-31) to $163.6B (2035-36), $70.1B above a 2%-of-GDP reference. Accrual deficit +$63.7B (1.4% of GDP) and debt +5.7 points in 2035-36. The paths are illustrative, not projections. The government says 4% by 2030 is provisioned and 5% by 2035 will need more.
Last updated 2026-10-08
Status history
2026-10-06
PBO defence spending primer published
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyAR-2025 published 8 Oct; adverse opinion on spending
EU — Court of Auditors 2025 report: error rate and EU borrowing
European Union
Estimated error 3.8% (2024: 3.6%), adverse opinion on budget expenditure; RRF qualified opinion. Outstanding EU borrowing €738.9B at end-2025, could reach €1 trillion by 2027. NGEU financing costs in the current MFF could reach €28.3B vs €14.9B forecast. The Commission proposes €24B a year for 2028-34 and has published no overall repayment strategy to 2058.
Last updated 2026-10-08
Status history
2026-10-08
ECA 2025 annual reports published
Primary tracker / statute →
billNegatived 133–196 on 7 Oct
House — Conservative diesel-tax opposition motion (6 Oct 2026)
Canada (House of Commons)
First allotted day of the fall supply period. Carol Anstey’s motion calls on the government to eliminate all taxes on diesel consumption until at least Canada Day, permanently eliminate taxes on diesel production, fast-track diesel infrastructure, and target 1 million barrels/day of Canadian diesel output. Non-binding; names no specific tax. Federal diesel excise (4¢/L) already suspended to 31 Jan 2027. Question put at 5:30 p.m. on 6 Oct; recorded division deferred under SO 45 to 7 Oct (Journals No. 146). Negatived 7 Oct, 133–196 (Division 176): Conservatives yea; Liberals, Bloc, NDP and Green nay (Journals No. 147).
Last updated 2026-10-08
Status history
2026-10-01
Notice of opposition motion (Anstey)
2026-10-05
House orders disposal by 5:30 p.m. on 6 Oct
2026-10-06
Debate; question put 5:30 p.m.; division deferred
2026-10-07
Motion negatived 133–196 (Division 176)
2026-10-08
Second allotted day — Poilievre affordability motion
Primary tracker / statute →
billFirst reading 6 Oct; second reading next
Bill C-40 — Canadian Corporation for Defence Investment
Canada (House of Commons)
Government bill making the Defence Investment Agency a Crown corporation (agent of the Crown) with lending, guarantee and share powers, a $1 billion revolving cap on CRF payments plus $30M start-up, an Associate Minister for Procurement, and a rewritten procurement Act whose competitive-process default carries 13 ministerial exceptions. No new ATIA/Privacy Act listing. Five-year review.
Last updated 2026-10-07
Status history
2025-10
DIA created as a special operating agency in PSPC
2026-10-06
C-40 first reading (royal recommendation)
Primary tracker / statute →
billReport stage concurred 6 Oct; third reading
Bill C-231 — youth drug-treatment referrals (YCJA)
Canada (House of Commons)
Luc Berthold’s private member’s bill: police must consider treatment referral for youth possession offences; youth courts may delay sentencing for treatment; non-residential programs capped at 240 hours over six months. Committee deleted the ‘no custody for refusing treatment’ clause. Second reading 327–0 (15 Apr 2026).
Last updated 2026-10-07
Status history
2026-04-15
Second reading 327–0 (Division 96)
2026-06-01
Committee report with amendments
2026-10-06
Report stage concurred; third-reading debate began
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationAnnounced 7 Oct; Bbl change targeted mid-2028
Netherlands — hybrid heat-pump standard on boiler replacement
Netherlands (EU)
Minister’s letter of 7 Oct 2026: from 2029, a smart hybrid heat pump becomes the starting point in many cases when a gas boiler is replaced, via a tightened Bbl heating-efficiency requirement. Exemptions foreseen for homes due for heat networks, apartment buildings and monuments. Payback study early 2027; consultation and voorhang 2027; publication mid-2028.
Last updated 2026-10-07
Status history
2026-10-07
Kamerbrief ‘Warmtepomp als nieuwe standaard’
2027
Payback study; consultation; voorhang
2028
Target Bbl publication (mid-year)
2029
Earliest start
Primary tracker / statute →
courtRuled 1 Oct: blanket suspension unlawful
CJEU C-249/25 — asylum claims of temporary-protection holders
European Union (CJEU) / Netherlands
Court of Justice: a generalised, automatic suspension of asylum examinations for people under Ukraine temporary protection infringes EU law; standard time limits apply, with extensions and phased examination allowed. Dutch minister says about 140,000 claims must now be processed (minister’s figure).
Last updated 2026-10-07
Status history
2026-10-01
Judgment C-249/25 (Press Release 137/26)
Primary tracker / statute →
electionPQ 59 of 127 — votes added; Vachon by 10
Québec — PQ minority government and immigration plan
Québec
Élections Québec results file flagged final after the addition of the votes (7 Oct 02:12 ET): PQ 59 seats (28.02%), Liberals 40, Conservatives 19, Québec solidaire 9, CAQ 0; turnout 66.92%. Minority — 64 needed for a majority. Close seats: Vachon (Liberal by 10, was 14 preliminary), Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne (275, was 39). Any judicial recount could change Vachon, not the government. PQ pledge of 35,000 permanent admissions a year is a platform promise until a PQ government tables an immigration plan.
Last updated 2026-10-07
Status history
2026-08-29
PQ 35k permanent-admission platform release
2026-10-05
Polling day
2026-10-06
Preliminary results complete: PQ minority (59)
2026-10-07
Addition of votes complete; seats unchanged; Vachon margin 10
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyReport issued 29 Sep; ICE plan due 30 Sep 2027
DHS OIG-26-38 — ICE enforcement on visa overstays (FY 2021–24)
United States (DHS / ICE)
OIG audit: 3,145,375 overstay leads; 104,049 rated potential concerns; 21,885 viable; 496 investigated; 8 lead-driven arrests (2 from 1,769 Priority 1 leads). Separately 446 HSI and 16,458 ERO overstay arrests by other means. ICE concurred with one recommendation; corrective plan due 30 Sep 2027.
Last updated 2026-10-06
Status history
2021-09-30
DHS civil-enforcement priorities memo
2025-01-20
EO 14148 rescinds the memo
2026-09-29
OIG-26-38 issued
2027-09-30
ICE estimated completion of corrective plan
Primary tracker / statute →
courtAgency policies vacated 30 Sep; proclamation not struck
H-1B $100,000 payment — Global Nurse Force v. Trump (N.D. Cal.)
United States (N.D. Cal. / USCIS)
Judge Haywood S. Gilliam Jr.’s 30 Sep 2026 order (Doc. 130, 25-cv-08454-HSG) vacates USCIS/CBP/State policies implementing the $100,000 H-1B payment and enjoins enforcement under Proclamations 10973 and 11069 until APA notice-and-comment and an RFA analysis. Not a holding that the proclamation is void. D. Mass. California v. Mullin already vacated the policies (First Circuit denied a stay); D.D.C. Chamber of Commerce upheld the fee and is on appeal.
Last updated 2026-10-06
Status history
2025-09-19
Proclamation 10973 ($100,000 payment)
2025-10-03
Complaint filed (N.D. Cal.)
2026-09-18
Proclamation 11069 extends the restriction
2026-09-30
PI in part; agency policies vacated (Doc. 130)
2026-10-05
Two plaintiffs (Church on the Hill, John Smith) voluntarily dismiss (Doc. 131)
2026-10-20
Joint case-management statement due
2026-10-27
Case-management conference
Primary tracker / statute →
courtPI granted 2 Oct; memo opinion to follow
Big Bend border barrier — preliminary injunction (EP-26-CV-1099-KC)
United States (W.D. Tex. / DHS)
Judge Kathleen Cardone’s 2 Oct 2026 order (Doc. 66) enjoins border-barrier and ground-disturbing work in the Big Bend Sector until defendants comply with applicable laws, and stays the West, National Park, and Lower Canyons IIRIRA waivers. Not a final merits ruling. Distinct from the 2 Oct El Paso Sector New Mexico water-law waiver (91 FR 62739).
Last updated 2026-10-06
Status history
2026-04-16
Complaint filed (3:26-cv-01099)
2026-05-15
National Park Waiver, 91 FR 27969
2026-09-29
Defendants’ notice: end of construction pause
2026-10-02
Preliminary injunction granted (Doc. 66)
2026-10-05
PI-hearing transcript filed (Doc. 72); no memorandum opinion yet
Primary tracker / statute →
electionVoted 5 Oct; PQ minority (preliminary)
Québec election — immigration thresholds (5 Oct 2026)
Québec
Élections Québec advance poll ran 27–28 Sep 2026; office voting window ended 1 Oct; polling day remains 5 Oct. Secondary reports citing Élections Québec preliminary counts put early turnout near ~13.8% / ~900k after advance days — turnout, not a threshold instrument. Permanent-admission pledges still span ~35k (PQ) to 70k (QS). Polls open 9:30 a.m.–8 p.m. ET on 5 Oct; Élections Québec expects first preliminary results between 8:30 and 9:00 p.m. No results reported here before they are posted. Result (Élections Québec preliminary, 6 Oct): PQ 59 of 127 seats — a minority; see quebec-pq-minority-2026. Watch post-election threshold instruments — not horse-race polls.
Last updated 2026-10-06
Status history
2026-08-27
Élections Québec confirms 5 Oct polling day
2026-08-29
PQ 35k + temporary-cut release
2026-09-23
Final Radio-Canada leaders’ debate
2026-09-27
Advance poll day 1 (Élections Québec)
2026-09-28
Advance poll day 2; prelim early turnout ~13.8% (secondary)
2026-10-01
Office voting window ends (closed)
2026-10-05
Polling day (9:30 a.m.–8 p.m.); first results expected 8:30–9:00 p.m.
2026-10-06
Preliminary results complete: PQ 59, PLQ 40, PCQ 19, QS 9, CAQ 0
Primary tracker / statute →
courtConviction appeals dismissed 1 Oct; Charter breaches found
Coutts blockade appeals — R v Carbert, 2026 ABCA 314
Alberta (Court of Appeal)
Court of Appeal of Alberta dismissed Chris Carbert’s and Anthony Olienick’s conviction appeals (1 Oct 2026). It held the s 184.4 emergency wiretap of Carbert was never justified, found the Coutts property warrant facially invalid, and rated the combined breaches ‘not minor,’ but admitted the firearms under s 24(2). Jury had acquitted both of conspiracy to murder police. News reports say sentence appeals are still pending.
Last updated 2026-10-05
Status history
2022-02-14
Arrests and Coutts property search
2024-08-02
Jury verdicts (conspiracy acquittal; weapons and mischief convictions)
2025-09-11
Appeal heard
2026-10-01
Conviction appeals dismissed (2026 ABCA 314)
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyRelease under way; IEA follow-up due within 20 days
G7 / IEA 100-million-barrel oil and diesel release
G7 / IEA (Canada, U.S., EU members)
G7 leaders (2 Oct 2026) agreed a coordinated IEA release of 100 million barrels over four months, with a front-loaded diesel release within 20 days, refinery-maintenance coordination, and no intra-G7 energy export restrictions. IEA asked to report back within 20 days. Canada has no IEA stockholding obligation and no public emergency stocks (IEA). Kalibrate Canada average 2 Oct: diesel 260.7¢/L, regular 185.3¢/L.
Last updated 2026-10-05
Status history
2026-03
Earlier IEA collective release commitments
2026-10-02
G7 Leaders’ Statement: 100 MB over 4 months
2026-10-22
Approx. end of 20-day diesel front-load and IEA follow-up window
Primary tracker / statute →
billSecond reading — watch committee text
Bill C-34 — Safe Social Media / Digital Safety Act
Canada (federal)
Successor vehicle after C-63 died. Track Digital Safety Commission powers, chatbot duties, and any Criminal Code/CHRA hitchhikers. LEGISinfo (5 Oct): second reading, no activity yet. The House Projected Order of Business for 5 Oct does not list C-34, even though some previews said it was called.
Last updated 2026-10-05
Status history
2025-01-06
44-1 session end — C-63 dies on Order Paper
2026-06-10
C-34 first reading
Primary tracker / statute →
projectPBO: $75–113B build cost (1 Oct)
Alto high-speed rail (Toronto–Québec City concept)
Canada / Quebec–Ontario corridor
Crown megaproject inside the major-projects sales pitch. PBO report RP-2627-009-C (1 Oct 2026, for the Senate finance committee) prices the baseline route excluding Kingston at $75–113 billion (2024$) versus the government’s $60–90 billion; Kingston option (announced 22 Jun 2026) not costed; ridership/operations in a second PBO report. Alto says an initial business case is expected in H1 2027 (CP). Rigaud-area farmers protested the corridor carve-up.
Last updated 2026-10-05
Status history
2025-08
MPO launch lists Alto-class concepts
2026-03-26
High-Speed Rail Network Act enacted (Bill C-15)
2026-06-22
Government directs study of Kingston southern option
2026-09-19
Rigaud-area tractor rally (coverage)
2026-10-01
PBO cost report: $75–113B baseline
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyFID taken 28–29 Sep 2026; construction path next
LNG Canada Phase 2 — Kitimat FID
Canada (B.C. / federal MPO)
JVPs took FID on Phase 2 (company 28 Sep / CNW 29 Sep): capacity 14→28 mtpa; PMO cites $33B private investment and welcomes TC Energy Coastal GasLink Phase 2 FID. Indigenous MNT equity option up to $1B for Phase 2 storage tank. Distinct from the West Coast oil pipeline, which was listed on Schedule 1 on 1 Oct 2026 (PC 2026-0925 / Pacific Link) — listing is not a CER certificate.
Last updated 2026-10-03
Status history
2025-06-30
Phase 1 first LNG shipments (company)
2025-09
Phase 2 referred to Major Projects Office (PMO)
2026-07-14
MNT Indigenous equity option agreement
2026-09-28
Phase 2 FID (company date)
2026-09-29
CNW / PMO welcome; CGL Phase 2 FID noted
Primary tracker / statute →
courtCompliance agreement 29 Sep — reporting, not a fine
Forever Canadian / Elections Alberta disclosure fight
Alberta
Elections Alberta compliance agreement (29 Sep 2026): Forever Canadian will split referendum-advertising contributions from other donations and report expenses for events where speakers took a position on the separation question, including the 23 Aug town hall and Unity Bus events on or after 20 Aug. The Commissioner’s summary says general unity events were not referendum advertising. Not a fine. Oct 19 referendum clock continues. Rebel mandamus file remains a separate process fight.
Last updated 2026-10-03
Status history
2026-09
Suit / disclosure fight escalates
2026-09-21
Judge refuses run-out-the-clock outcome (coverage)
2026-09-29
Compliance agreement published (Elections Alberta)
2026-10-19
Referendum day
courtCert granted 1 Oct; merits briefing next
SCOTUS — Rhoney v. Barbosa da Cunha mandatory detention (26-104)
United States (SCOTUS)
Order List 1 Oct 2026 grants cert in Rhoney v. Barbosa da Cunha, No. 26-104 — ICE mandatory detention without bond for noncitizens apprehended inside the U.S. Docket: Petition GRANTED. Not a merits holding. Distinct from DHS v. D.V.D. (third-country) and Kingdom 26A416.
Last updated 2026-10-02
Status history
2026-07-23
Petition docketed (26-104)
2026-10-01
Certiorari granted (Order List)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationListed Schedule 1 (PC 2026-0925); conditions → 1 Sep 2027
Pacific Link / West Coast Oil Pipeline — Schedule 1 listed
Canada (federal / AB–BC)
OIC PC 2026-0925 (1 Oct 2026) amends Building Canada Act Schedule 1 to list the West Coast Oil Pipeline (~1 Mb/d Bruderheim–Delta). PMO/Alberta brand it Pacific Link. MPO/CER conditions document targeted for 1 Sep 2027. Listing ≠ CER certificate or construction. Gazette Part II regular index still Vol. 160 No. 19 (23 Sep) as of 2 Oct morning — Part II publication may lag the Order.
Last updated 2026-10-02
Status history
2026-05-15
Canada–Alberta industrial carbon / pipeline pathway MOU
2026-08-01
Gazette Part I national-interest notice
2026-09-18
Public comment deadline
2026-10-01
PC 2026-0925 — Schedule 1 listing (Pacific Link brand)
2026-10-02
Desk confirms OIC + PMO/Alberta; Part II index still 23 Sep
2027-09-01
MPO/CER conditions document target (PMO)
Primary tracker / statute →
billIn force — WCOP listed 1 Oct (PC 2026-0925); C-39 at 2nd reading
Bill C-5 — One Canadian Economy Act / Building Canada Act
Canada (federal)
Cabinet can designate projects of national interest and compress federal approval pathways; Major Projects Office sells a two-year clock. West Coast Oil Pipeline listed on Schedule 1 via PC 2026-0925 (1 Oct 2026; Pacific Link brand) — MPO/CER conditions track toward 1 Sep 2027. Bill C-39 proposes further assessment/region/labour tools; second reading through 25 Sep; House returns 5 Oct.
Last updated 2026-10-02
Status history
2025-06-26
Building Canada Act elements in force (approx.)
2025-08-29
Major Projects Office launched (Calgary)
2026-08-01
West Coast Oil Pipeline Gazette national-interest notice
2026-09-18
WCOP public comments close
2026-09-15
Toronto investment-summit protests; listing clocks watched
2026-09-21
Companion Bill C-39 first reading
Primary tracker / statute →
courtHWE claims revived for trial (28 Sep 2026)
Diemert v. City of Seattle — hostile work environment (9th Cir.)
United States (Ninth Circuit / W.D. Wash.)
Published opinion No. 25-1188 (28 Sep 2026): reverse SJ on Title VII / WLAD hostile-work-environment claims tied to Seattle Race and Social Justice Initiative trainings and workplace incidents; affirm SJ on constructive discharge, disparate treatment, retaliation, Equal Protection; remand. Not a facial ban on race-conscious training.
Last updated 2026-10-01
Status history
2021-09
Diemert resigns HSD (opinion facts)
2022
Suit filed W.D. Wash.
2026-04-23
9th Cir. argument
2026-09-28
Opinion: affirm in part, reverse in part, remand
Primary tracker / statute →
courtSJ for NCAA; case closed; appeal intent (no ECF yet)
Gaines v. NCAA — Title IX summary judgment (N.D. Ga.)
United States (N.D. Ga. / 11th Cir. watch)
Judge Tiffany R. Johnson granted NCAA summary judgment (Doc. 196) holding no evidence NCAA received federal funds via DoD concussion CARE partnership; clerk’s judgment for NCAA (Doc. 197); case closed. Did not decide transgender-policy merits. Plaintiffs/ICONS have stated intent to appeal to the 11th Cir.; no notice-of-appeal ECF verified as of 1 Oct morning.
Last updated 2026-10-01
Status history
2024-03-14
Complaint filed
2025-09-25
MTD largely granted; Title IX vs NCAA survives to limited discovery
2026-02-09
NCAA moves for summary judgment (Doc. 157)
2026-09-28
SJ granted; clerk’s judgment; case closed
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyCategory 1 appeals; High Court JR 13–14 Oct
Ofcom X/Grok probe + DSA Meta/TikTok follow-ons
United Kingdom / European Union
Meta appealed Ofcom Category 1 designations for Instagram/WhatsApp (Upper Tribunal path). Separate High Court judicial-review dates 13–14 Oct are not a UT Category 1 judgment. EU Meta & TikTok DSA prelims may become fines; X €120m transparency fine stands.
Last updated 2026-10-01
Status history
2025-12-05
Commission €120m DSA fine on X
2026-09
Meta Category 1 Instagram/WhatsApp appeal served
2026-10-13
High Court JR window starts (watched; ≠ UT judgment)
2026-10-14
High Court JR window (day 2)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationExclusions in force since 29 Sep 2026
U.S. Section 338 — Canadian alcohol / dairy / motor-vehicle exclusions
United States / Canada (trade)
Proclamations 11061 (alcohol), 11062 (dairy), 11063 (motor vehicles) exclude annex-listed Canadian products from U.S. importation effective 29 Sep 2026 12:01 a.m. ET under Tariff Act §338. CBP CSMS #70050970 rejects covered ACE entries. Escalation from prior 50% duties. Distinct from steel/aluminum tariff track (Stelco Hamilton idle).
Last updated 2026-09-30
Status history
2026-07-20
Section 338 duty proclamations (alcohol/dairy/vehicles)
2026-08-18
Brief duty suspension (11056); lapses 22 Aug
2026-09-08
Exclusion proclamations 11061–11063 signed
2026-09-14
Federal Register publication
2026-09-29
Exclusions effective; CBP ACE rejects
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationDK 2027 farm limits posted ~29 Sep; NL no pause
Netherlands / Denmark nitrogen & nutrient farm rules
Netherlands / Denmark / EU
Dutch cabinet’s 26 Jun 2026 €20B nitrogen package remains the programme; 15 Sep Throne speech refused postponement/cancellation. Denmark’s L5 gødskningslov (3 Sep; force 1 Jan 2027) now has most farm-level 2027 coastal emission limits posted for planning (~29 Sep midnight); some catchments adjusted in October; ~DKK 1.92B compensation frame in ministry messaging.
Last updated 2026-09-30
Status history
2022–2025
NL nitrogen crisis / farmer protests cycle
2026-06-26
Rijksoverheid nitrogen package published
2026-09-03
Denmark L5 gødskningslov adopted
2026-09-15
Prinsjesdag / Throne: no postponement
2026-09-29
DK most farm-level 2027 emission limits posted
2027-01-01
Denmark L5 in force
Primary tracker / statute →
courtStay granted 29 Sep; cert granted; Dec argument
SCOTUS — DHS v. D.V.D. third-country removals (26A406 / 26-426)
United States (SCOTUS / DHS)
Emergency stay of D. Mass. Feb 25 2026 order/judgment granted 29 Sep 2026; application treated as cert petition and granted as No. 26-426 for December 2026 argument. Sotomayor, Kagan, Jackson would deny stay. Merits of third-country-removal Guidance still open. Distinct from Kingdom BOP 26A416.
Last updated 2026-09-29
Status history
2026-02-25
D. Mass. order/judgment (later stayed)
2026-09-18
1st Cir. related judgment context
2026-09-23
1st Cir. dissolves prior stay (per filings)
2026-09-24
SG emergency stay application 26A406
2026-09-28
Response due / filed
2026-09-29
Stay granted; cert granted as 26-426
2026-12
Argument session (scheduled)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationPilot live; public accommodation guidelines still pending
Manitoba PE/HE curriculum pilot & parental option
Manitoba
Voluntary two-year pilot of rewritten health/phys-ed curriculum; premier pledged parental alternative-delivery option remains. Border Land School Division (23 Sep) will not join the pilot. CBC (window through 29 Sep) still says revised accommodation guidelines were circulated to pilot schools and would be posted publicly “soon” — no verified edu.gov.mb.ca public posting this run. Watch the public guideline URL and 2028–29 mandate.
Last updated 2026-09-29
Status history
2026-08-27
Provincial pilot announcement
2026-09-22
Kinew opt-out pledge (WFP)
2026-09-23
Border Land SD declines pilot (local)
2028-09
Planned province-wide mandate
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyRP-2627-010-S published 24 Sep 2026
PBO capital-budgeting / operating-balance assessment
Canada (federal)
PBO operating-budget fiscal-anchor note (24 Sep) projects balance in 2029–30 vs Budget 2025’s 2028–29 target (and vs Carney’s 15 Sep 2027–28 claim). Flags inconsistent operating/capital labels. Pair with June EFO and September CPI refresh (19 Oct 2026).
Last updated 2026-09-28
Status history
2026-06-04
PBO Economic and Fiscal Outlook
2026-09-15
PM claims 2027–28 operating balance path
2026-09-24
PBO RP-2627-010-S operating-anchor note
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyAnnounced 22 Sep 2026 — exploration only
Big Six — CAD tokenized deposits exploration
Canada (banks / payments)
BMO, CIBC, NBC, RBC, Scotiabank and TD jointly exploring CAD tokenized-deposit solutions for interbank movement. Not a BoC retail CBDC. Watch any Payments Canada / OSFI / CDIC guidance and whether a phase-one network actually stands up.
Last updated 2026-09-24
Status history
2026-09-22
Six-bank exploration announcement
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationIn force 1 Aug 2026; Sep list corrected
Ottawa — Safe Access By-law zones
Ottawa (municipal)
50-metre application-based protest buffers around designated schools, daycares, worship and care facilities. September designated-facility list initially had address errors later corrected. Watch renewals (~Sep 2027), ticket data, and any Charter challenge.
Last updated 2026-09-24
Status history
2026-08-01
Safe Access By-law in force
2026-09-08
Designated-facility list posted (approx.)
2026-09-15
Address corrections after BUZZ reporting
Primary tracker / statute →
courtLeave sought — not confirmed on 17 Sep list
SCC leave — Emergencies Act appeals
Canada (Supreme Court)
Government leave application reported ~17 Mar 2026 after FCA upheld core FC holdings on unreasonable invocation and Charter s.8 freezes. SCC 17 Sep 2026 leave-application release does not confirm grant or dismissal for this file — keep watching.
Last updated 2026-09-24
Primary tracker / statute →
courtPI vacated; class decertified (17 Sep 2026)
Oregon — S.D. v. Reese prison housing (9th Cir.)
United States (Ninth Circuit / Oregon)
Ninth Circuit vacated D. Or. class injunction that required gender-identity placement presumption into Oregon’s women’s prison. Individual claims may continue on remand; watch any en banc or SCOTUS petition.
Last updated 2026-09-23
Status history
2026-04-28
D. Or. PI / provisional class (Clarke)
2026-08-20
9th Cir. stay pending appeal
2026-09-17
Opinion vacates PI; class decertified
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationServices Code statutory 5 Aug 2026; SPS guidance struck
EHRC Code of Practice post–For Women Scotland
United Kingdom
Equality Act sex = biological sex per UKSC. EHRC Services Code reported statutory from 5 Aug 2026. Outer House [2026] CSOH 59 (19 Jun) held SPS transgender prisons guidance unlawful — sex segregation by biological sex.
Last updated 2026-09-22
Status history
2025-04-16
UKSC For Women Scotland Equality Act holding
2026-06-19
CSOH 59 — SPS guidance unlawful
2026-08-05
EHRC Services Code statutory (reported)
2026-09-17
9th Cir. vacates Oregon prison PI (parallel desk)
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyLevels Plan path — track quarterly stock
IRCC / StatsCan — NPR share vs <5% by end-2027
Canada (federal)
Government commitment: non-permanent residents under 5% of population by end-2027. Arrival targets ≠ on-shore stock — watch StatsCan/IRCC quarterly shares.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Primary tracker / statute →
agencyStatutory reporting due after Jul 2026 force
Justice Canada — first C-14 annual bail-data report
Canada (federal)
C-14 mandates annual bail-data reporting. First report will test whether reverse onuses and retail aggravators changed outcomes.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationProposed repeal — comments to 29 Oct 2026
ZEV mandate repeal — Gazette comment close 29 Oct 2026
Canada (federal)
Canada Gazette Part I proposes killing EVAS sales targets/credits while keeping fleet GHG tools. Watch Part II registration and BC/QC provincial ZEV interaction.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2026-08-15
Gazette Part I proposal published
2026-10-29
Comment deadline
Primary tracker / statute →
courtLeave granted Jul 2026 — hearing TBD
Alberta CA — Calgary bubble-zone bylaw
Alberta
Safe and Inclusive Access Bylaw narrowed below; Court of Appeal leave granted. Pair with Vaughan CCLA challenge milestones.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationVoluntary AAFC target — watch Gazette conversion
Fertilizer emissions — voluntary target → mandate risk
Canada (federal)
AAFC fertilizer emissions intensity target remains voluntary (~30% below 2020 by 2030). Trigger: Gazette or provincial rule converting voluntary to binding.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Primary tracker / statute →
courtCharter challenge live after 1 Sep 2025 force date
Egale / Skipping Stone v. Alberta — Bill 27 pronouns
Alberta
Challenge to Education Amendment Act 2024 parental notice/consent for gender-related name/pronouns. Separate from Bill 26 gender-care injunction.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2024-12-05
Royal Assent (Bill 27 / Education Amendment Act 2024)
2025-09-01
Pronoun/curriculum provisions in force
2025-09
Egale / Skipping Stone challenge filed
Primary tracker / statute →
courtInterim parental relief; merits appeal continues
Mirabelli v. Bonta — merits after SCOTUS interim order
United States (Ninth Circuit / California)
SCOTUS vacated Ninth Circuit stay as to parents (2 Mar 2026). Watch merits briefing and any expansion beyond named plaintiffs; pair with AB 1955 limited injunction.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2026-03-02
SCOTUS per curiam vacates stay as to parents
2026-06-18
Ninth Circuit limited AB 1955 injunction (named parents)
Primary tracker / statute →
regulationIn force from 1 Sep 2026 — watch school practice
England KCSIE 2026 — gender-questioning implementation
United Kingdom (England)
Statutory safeguarding guidance folds Cass-informed gender-questioning content into KCSIE; parents’ views carry great weight with a harm exception.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2024
Cass Review published
2026-09-01
KCSIE 2026 in force
Primary tracker / statute →
referendumBallot clock running
Alberta referendum — 19 October 2026
Alberta
Voters face remain / separation-process / reclaim-powers framing against Ottawa. Elections Alberta validation and petition fights are part of the same desk.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2026-09
Stay Free Alberta petition validated (coverage)
2026-10-19
Referendum day
billFederal challenge filed
California AB 2624 — “Stop Nick Shirley Act”
California / U.S. federal court
Immigration-services privacy / anti-doxxing framing; America First Legal suit argues speech chill on investigative reporting.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2026
AB 2624 enacted / enforcement path
2026-09
Federal lawsuit filed (coverage)
courtTribunal process underway
Westlock flyer — Alberta Section 3 / human-rights tribunal
Alberta
Speech fight over a flyer opposing a rainbow crosswalk — Section 3 human-rights path as provincial censorship battleground.
Last updated 2026-09-21
agencyUSDA climbdown after Wisconsin suit
USDA dairy checkoff ESG restrictions
United States
Mandatory checkoff fees pulled back from ESG marketing spend after Wisconsin producers sued — concrete agency response, not just rhetoric.
Last updated 2026-09-21
Status history
2026
Wisconsin producers sue
2026-09
USDA restricts ESG checkoff spend (coverage)
courtAppeals court backs parents
Fellers v. Kelley — Bow NH “XX” wristbands
United States (First Circuit)
Silent wristband protest over transgender athlete policy — First Circuit speech precedent for school discipline fights.
Last updated 2026-09-21